Dataset of Selected Medicinal Plant Species of the Genus Brachylaena: A Comparative Application of Deep Learning Models for Plant Leaf Recognition
- 1 Department of Mathematics, Rhodes University, 6139 Makhanda, South Africa
- 2 Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
- 3 Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6139, South Africa
- 4 Department Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretotia, 0204, South Africa
Abstract
Since several active pharmaceutical ingredients are sourced from medicinal plants, identifying and classifying these plants are generally a valuable and essential task during the drug manufacturing process. For many years, identifying and classifying those plants have been exclusively done by experts in the domain, such as botanists and herbarium curators. Recently, powerful computer vision technologies, using deep learning or deep artificial neural networks, have been developed for classifying or identifying objects using images. A convolutional neural network is a deep learning architecture that outperforms previous state-of-the-art approaches in image classification and object detection based on its efficient feature extraction of images. This study investigated several pre-trained convolutional neural networks for identifying and classifying leaves of three species of the genus Brachylaena. The three species considered were Brachylaena discolor, Brachylaena ilicifolia, and Brachylaena elliptica. All three species are used medicinally by people in South Africa. We trained and evaluated different deep convolutional neural networks from 1259 labeled images of those plant species (at least 400 for each species) split into training, evaluation, and test sets. The best model provided a 98.26% accuracy using cross-validation with a confidence interval of ±2.16%.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3844/jcssp.2023.1387.1397
Copyright: © 2023 Avuya Deyi, Arnaud Nguembang Fadja, Eleonora Deborah Goosen, Xavier Siwe Noundou and Marcellin Atemkeng. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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Keywords
- Deep Learning
- Medicinal Plants Classification
- Brachylaena Discolor
- Brachylaena Ilicifolia
- Brachylaena
- Transfer Learning